Small Clinical Trials is popular PDF and ePub book, written by Institute of Medicine in 2001-01-01, it is a fantastic choice for those who relish reading online the Medical genre. Let's immerse ourselves in this engaging Medical book by exploring the summary and details provided below. Remember, Small Clinical Trials can be Read Online from any device for your convenience.
Small Clinical Trials Book PDF Summary
Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a "large" trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement.
Detail Book of Small Clinical Trials PDF
- Author : Institute of Medicine
- Release : 01 January 2001
- Publisher : National Academies Press
- ISBN : 9780309171144
- Genre : Medical
- Total Page : 221 pages
- Language : English
- PDF File Size : 18,6 Mb
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