Shadow Economies Around the World What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years is popular PDF and ePub book, written by Leandro Medina in 2018-01-25, it is a fantastic choice for those who relish reading online the Business & Economics genre. Let's immerse ourselves in this engaging Business & Economics book by exploring the summary and details provided below. Remember, Shadow Economies Around the World What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years can be Read Online from any device for your convenience.
Shadow Economies Around the World What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years Book PDF Summary
We undertake an extended discussion of the latest developments about the existing and new estimation methods of the shadow economy. New results on the shadow economy for 158 countries all over the world are presented over 1991 to 2015. Strengths and weaknesses of these methods are assessed and a critical comparison and evaluation of the methods is carried out. The average size of the shadow economy of the 158 countries over 1991 to 2015 is 31.9 percent. The largest ones are Zimbabwe with 60.6 percent, and Bolivia with 62.3 percent of GDP. The lowest ones are Austria with 8.9 percent, and Switzerland with 7.2 percent. The new methods, especially the new macro method, Currency Demand Approach (CDA) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) in a structured hybrid-model based estimation procedure, are promising approaches from an econometric standpoint, alongside some new micro estimates. These estimations come quite close to others used by statistical offices or based on surveys.
Detail Book of Shadow Economies Around the World What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years PDF
- Author : Leandro Medina
- Release : 25 January 2018
- Publisher : International Monetary Fund
- ISBN : 9781484339176
- Genre : Business & Economics
- Total Page : 114 pages
- Language : English
- PDF File Size : 7,9 Mb
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