Deuterium and Shift Calculation is popular PDF and ePub book, written by Anonim in 2012-12-06, it is a fantastic choice for those who relish reading online the Science genre. Let's immerse ourselves in this engaging Science book by exploring the summary and details provided below. Remember, Deuterium and Shift Calculation can be Read Online from any device for your convenience.
Deuterium and Shift Calculation Book PDF Summary
In 1931 Vrey, Brickwedde, and Murphy discovered the hydrogen isotope deuterium. The isotopic enrichment was found to arise from the fact that the electrolysis oflight water is faster than of heavy water [1,2]. This success showed that although different isotopes of an element behave identically from a chemical standpoint the different isotopic masses nevertheless lead to both isotope effects on equilibrium as well as on rate constants of chemical reactions. Soon, ratios of equilibrium constants of isotopic reactions were called "equilibrium isotope effects" (EIE), ratios of isotopic rate constants "kinetic isotope effects" (KIE). Isotope effects have been found to be especially large for those elements which are directly involved in bond breaking and bond formation during the reaction studied [3]. Such effects are, therefore, referred to as "primary". Isotopic substitution in atomic sites which maintain all chemical bonds with their neighbors during the reaction of interest leads then only to smaller "secondary" isotope effects. Because of the unique mass relation between the different hydrogen isotopes hydrogen/deuterium isotope effects are particularly large and have attracted most attention. The largest contributions to these effects arise from changes in the vibrational frequencies of the reactants. The theory of equilibrium isotope effects has been founded by Vrey [4] and Bigeleisen [5,6] and has widely been accepted [3].
Detail Book of Deuterium and Shift Calculation PDF
- Author : Anonim
- Release : 06 December 2012
- Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
- ISBN : 9783642759321
- Genre : Science
- Total Page : 269 pages
- Language : English
- PDF File Size : 12,5 Mb
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